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What Is Diamond Clarity?

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Diamond clarity refers to the natural imperfections, known as inclusions (internal) and blemishes (surface flaws),that form within a diamond as it crystallizes deep under the earth’s intense pressure and heat. These characteristics, unique to each diamond, are expressed through clarity ratings assigned by gemological institutions. Understanding these ratings helps buyers evaluate a diamond’s quality, beauty, and value.

The Diamond Clarity Scale Explained

The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) developed a standardized clarity grading system in 1953, establishing a scale that ranges from Flawless (FL) to Included (I1, I2, I3). This scale encompasses six categories and 11 specific clarity grades:

Clarity Grades Overview:

  1. Flawless (FL): No internal or external imperfections under 10x magnification. Extremely rare.
  2. Internally Flawless (IF): No inclusions, only minor surface blemishes. Also rare and highly valued.
  3. Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1, VVS2): Minuscule inclusions difficult to detect under 10x magnification. Retains an eye-clean appearance.
  4. Very Slightly Included (VS1, VS2): Minor inclusions that range from difficult (VS1) to somewhat easy (VS2) to see under magnification. Often invisible to the unaided eye and offer great value.
  5. Slightly Included (SI1, SI2): Inclusions visible under magnification and potentially to the naked eye, particularly in larger diamonds. SI1 diamonds are often eye-clean and can be a budget-friendly option.
  6. Included (I1, I2, I3): Noticeable inclusions that may affect transparency and brilliance. Blue Nile and many reputable jewelers do not carry I-grade diamonds as loose stones.

Factors That Determine Diamond Clarity

Clarity grading considers five main factors:

  1. Size: Larger inclusions lead to lower clarity grades.
  2. Number: A higher number of visible characteristics results in a lower clarity grade.
  3. Position: The location of inclusions impacts visibility. Inclusions near the center (under the table) are more noticeable than those near the edges.
  4. Nature: The type of inclusion and its impact on the diamond’s durability are significant. For instance, a feather inclusion may affect the diamond’s structure if it extends to the surface.
  5. Color and Relief: How easily a characteristic can be seen, or its contrast against the surrounding diamond, impacts the grade.

Tips for Understanding and Buying Diamond Clarity

Key Insights:

  • “Eye Clean” Diamonds: This term means that the diamond’s inclusions are invisible to the naked eye. SI1 and VS2 grades often offer eye-clean stones at more affordable prices.
  • Balance with Cut and Color: While clarity is important, cut has the greatest influence on a diamond’s sparkle. Prioritize a high-quality cut, then consider clarity.
  • Shape and Size Influence: Step cuts (emerald, Asscher) highlight transparency and may need higher clarity grades (e.g., VS1 or better) to mask inclusions. Brilliant-cut diamonds (round, princess) hide inclusions better due to their facet patterns.
  • Larger Diamonds: As carat size increases, inclusions become more noticeable. For diamonds over one carat, aim for a clarity grade that ensures inclusions don’t detract from the stone’s beauty.

Popular Diamond Clarity Grades

Diamonds in the VS and SI categories are popular choices due to their balance of appearance and cost. These grades often contain inclusions visible only under magnification, offering an eye-clean look at a more accessible price.

Why SI and VS Diamonds Are Great Value

  • Affordable Beauty: SI and VS diamonds look visually similar to higher clarity diamonds but come at a lower price.
  • Minimal Visible Flaws: In SI1 and VS2 diamonds, inclusions are usually not noticeable without magnification.

Diamond Clarity Plots and Certification

Diamonds over one carat often come with a clarity plot as part of their GIA report. This plot is a visual map of the stone’s characteristics, providing transparency about the location and type of inclusions and blemishes.

Types of Diamond Inclusions and Blemishes

Inclusions:

  • Clouds: Groupings of tiny points.
  • Feathers: Hairline cracks.
  • Crystals/Minerals: Small embedded minerals.
  • Knots: Crystals extending to the diamond’s surface.
  • Cavities and Cleavage: Openings or breaks within the diamond.
  • Internal Graining: Irregular growth patterns.

Blemishes:

  • Polish Lines: Fine marks left by polishing.
  • Scratches, Nicks, and Chips: Surface flaws from wear or cutting.
  • Pits: Small indentations.
  • Dark/Light Spots: Visible points with different transparency.

Final Thoughts

Every diamond is unique, and natural imperfections contribute to its distinct character. When purchasing a diamond, remember that clarity is only one part of its overall value. The goal is to find a diamond that balances beauty, budget, and personal preferences. Most importantly, rely on certifications from reputable institutions like the GIA or AGS to ensure an accurate understanding of a diamond’s clarity.